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Is It A Victim Of Persecution - 1554 Words

Nassr has become another victim of persecution. Working as a translator in the United States, Nassr had a normal life. Once he got back to his native country, Iraq, he found his house confiscated by the Mahdi militia. When he tried to get into his house, they replied, â€Å"this is not your house, either you go or we will kill you.† Consequently, they hit him in the head with their guns. Being scared of getting killed by them, Nassr ran from his house. The Mahdi militia asked Nassr’s neighbors for information on him, which led them to find out that Nassr was gay. Nassr had two children whom the militia captured. The Mahdi militia tortured them in order to get information on Nassr. Finally they killed Nassr children. Now Nassr is living in Siria by himself and alone because of the intolerance his country had for gay people. Intolerance impacts multiple sectors of society with far-reaching effects on the gay community. Due to the amount of intolerance in society these day s, the gay community is facing persecution. Verbal abuse, physical violence and hate crimes are some effects of persecution against gay people. The verbal abuse is often a way to discriminate against people for their sexual orientation. Verbal abuse has a big impact on the victim’s life. The victim may feel unsure and isolated. Also, bullying and bashing are very common ways to persecute against a person who is gay. Gay bashing and bullying include negative attitudes that leads homophobic people toShow MoreRelatedIs It A Victim Of Persecution?1553 Words   |  7 Pages Nassr has become another victim of persecution. Working as a translator in the United States, Nassr had a normal life. Once he got back to his native country, Iraq, he found his house confiscated by the Mahdi militia. When he tried to get into his house, they replied, â€Å"this is not your house, either you go or we will kill you.† Consequently, they hit him in the head with theirs guns. Bei ng scared of getting killed by them, Nassr ran from his house. The Mahdi militia asked Nassr’s neighborsRead MoreVictims of Persecution and Muder in the Holocaust854 Words   |  3 Pages it reminds us of the horrible genocide that took place. Many people in our world today are aware that the Jewish race was a major target in the holocaust, but what about the others who played a role in persecution? Even though the Jewish population is known to be the main victims of persecution and gruesome murder under the Nazi regime, it is not much mentioned of the others who took part in genocide. According to the Holocaust Encyclopedia, during the era of the holocaust, German authorities alsoRead MoreHitler and The Nazi’s Victims of Persecution and Murder Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesnationalism to eradicate any threats to his state. It was Hitler’s ideology that his Aryan race was superior to any other. Hitler’s goal was to create a â€Å"master race† by eliminating the chance for â€Å"inferiors† to reproduce. Besides the Jews the other victims of the genocide include the Roma (Gypsies), African-Germans, the mentally disabled, handicapped, Poles, Slavs, Anti-Nazi political parties, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Homosexuals. In Hitler’s eyes all of these groups needed to be eliminated in orderRead MoreProtestants Were The Victims Of The Catholic Church s Persecution During The Reformation1584 Words   |  7 PagesProtestants were the victims of the Catholic Church’s persecution during the Reformation. 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The type of punishments that the Falun Gong members had to endure, were made to dehumanize the peopleRead MoreUndisclosed Victims of the Holocaust 774 Words   |  3 PagesUndisclosed Victims of the Holocaust When Germany was defeated in World War I by Britain and France they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which proclaims Germany to be responsible for all reparations of the War. It was easy for Hitler and his Nazi party to blame the wealthy Jews for not offering enough money to the country, but his anti-Semitism was completely aimed towards the Jews. By the end of 1920, the Nazi party had about 3,000 members according to A Teacher’s Guide to the HolocaustRead MoreEssay about The Spanish Inquisition a History1182 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"the Holy Office†Ã¢â‚¬â€the Inquisition. Finally, Pà ©rez reinforced his main thesis by arguing and comparing the Spanish Inquisition with modern regimes, such as Nazi Servin 2 Germany and Communist regimes that used similar procedures of â€Å"torture† and â€Å"persecution† to those who opposed Nazism and Communism ideologies. Therefore, Pà ©rez’s interpretation and explanation not only make sense, but they are well presented. To initiate, Pà ©rez’s thesis began by introducing the creation of the â€Å"anti-Semitism† againstRead MoreEssay on Third Century Christian Persecution1244 Words   |  5 PagesChristian persecution. Section two, â€Å"Persecution AD 193-249† and section three, â€Å"The Persecution of Decius†, provide an in depth review of Christian persecution under the Roman Emperors’ Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Decius. However, the exact number of Christians persecuted and martyred for their faith will never really be known. Very few written records exist that chronicle events throughout the entire Roman Empire. At the start of the 2nd century, persecution of ChristiansRead MoreAn Oral Survey Of 1502 Young Men And Women1309 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst sight, flaming – is the struggle between equals, but under certain conditions it can turn into an unequal psychological terror. The unexpected attack can cause severe emotional distress in victim. 2. The assaults, persistent debilitating attacks (harassment) - repeated abusive messages sent to the victim (for example, hundreds of sms on mobile phone, regular phone calls) with an overload of personal communication channels. There are also found on chat rooms and forums; in online games this technologyRead MoreEarly civilization of North America1575 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious believes. It was the time when Europe was going through an era of religious persecutions. The motive of these individuals was to practice their religion and worship God in the way they believe to be correct. Colonies in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia were formed with the intention of creating a safe and secure place for worship and promote the prosperity of the church. The religious persecutions, which led to the emigration of Europeans towards North American colonies, were regarding

Safety And Quality Practices In Australian Health Care †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Safety And Quality Practices In Australian Health Care. Answer: Introduction The outcome of the paper is the thorough literature review on the safety and quality practices in Australian health care for pricing and funding arrangements undertaken by the IHPA and commission. The aim of the assignment is to discuss the four funding models defined by Egar et al. (2013) as used by the public hospitals in Australia. Further, the system of the National Efficient price is critically discussed. In this regard, it is discussed as to how this system may provide an incentive to improve the health status of any selected segment of the Australian population. Funding models The four overarching models used by public hospitals in Australia, which are identified by the literature review of IHPA and commission are- Best practice pricing Normative pricing Quality structure pricing models Payment for performance or safety and quality pricing The Best practice pricing is the model that refers to use of the car pathways that are based on strong evidence. The best solution is for treatment of the particular health condition and for which the hospitals would be paid a set fee. Based on the best evidence, the price for implementing this model of care is decided and an additional incentive is paid. There is a limited literature evaluating the efficacy of this model as this scheme represents the value for money. In England, the health care system had implemented the scheme of Best Practice Tariffs. However, there is limited conclusive evidence except for the findings from the National Hip Fracture Database of UK (Eagar et al., 2013). As per the literature review by the IHPA on this model, the best practice pricing has modest gains with methodological inadequacies as evidence based care pathways can be implemented for limited conditions. Normative pricing is the system where the price is used to influence the outcomes of delivery of care. It may be used in certain cases such as incentivising the day surgeries or when there is a need of more home care nurses, for a particular disability or illness, or where the patient seeks residential care. Substantial improvement was noted by implementing this pricing system in the radiology area. There is a lack of conclusive evidence on the use of this pricing system due to uncertainty in determining the cost of implementing the new model (Eagar et al., 2013). In the Quality structure pricing models, the pricing or funding is linked with the meeting of the accreditation standards by the health care providers, participation in the safety improvement activities, quality registries, and clinical benchmarking. The aim of this system to increase savings, however, there might be high initial cost. The pricing or the funding may be high for accredited hospitals and then the non-accredited counterparts. There is strong evidence that this kind of funding system leads to improvement in quality and safety (Eagar et al., 2013). However, it lacks the direct measuring of patient outcomes. The Payment for performance is the funding model that refers to pushing the care providers to improve the quality and safety by behaving in certain manner. The model uses financial incentives for positive clinical outcomes or disincentives for poor services. It aims to encourage the service givers to increase the quality through rewards and penalty. There is a lack of evidence on beneficial outcomes from this scheme. However, in England an advancing quality initiative was taken and the results showed improvement in quality scores and reduction in short-term in-hospital mortality. It means there were few deaths due to heart failure or pneumonia (Eagar et al., 2013). National Efficient price In Australia, the National Efficient price or NEP is used for identifying the contribution of the commonwealth to public hospital funding. In this system each hospital will be paid a fixed fee for each episode of care. As per activity based funding, the contributions determined by IHPA to be paid by the Australian government is the approximately 40% of the public hospital funding. The commonwealth contribution may be influenced if IHPA builds any incentives into the model for quality and safety. In case any hospital is in deficit then expecting the states to fund the deficit will hamper the potential of NEP to improve efficiency (Eagar et al., 2013). Based on the literature review all the above mentioned funding models lack strong evidence in regards to their efficacy in improving the quality and safety of the health care services. Considering the grey literature, I agree that NEP may not be able to provide an incentive to improve the health status of any selected segment of the Australian population to a great extent. It is difficult to determine the level at which the scheme actually work or is critical (Downie, 2015). It is because it is difficult to identify the onset of health condition. The major limitation of NEP includes misallocation of resources in cases the set price does not reflect the relative cost-effectiveness of these services. Further, each hospital will have losses if they give care above the fixed price. Consequently, it may result in patient dumping, and recruitment of more enrolled nurses (Sheridan, 2016). Further, it is doubtful that the major changes will be stimulated in the public hospitals of Australia in regards to safety and quality. It because the funding for the public hospital is not directed to specific clinical departments within the hospitals or to the specific hospitals. It means to have any effect; there is a need of delivering the incentives to a level of the clinical department. Bu there are no rewards for quality (Eagar et al., 2013). Since some hospitals in rural areas have disadvantage. Therefore, there is a need of considering the potential for regional disparities to improve the quality of the health care to a great extent (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). Although the activity based funding has the potential to make the functioning of the hospitals more efficient, there are flaws in the manner the scheme is designed. There is a chance that the flaws may negatively influence the potential cost savings. Eventually it will result in ineffective funding system and poor change in the quality of care (Eagar et al., 2013). If the providers find that the incentives are substantial then they might change the care pathways or behaviour. Otherwise the chances are less that the clinicians would respond to incentives. Further, there are chances that the pricing will only affect some aspects of care (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). Thus the only way the NEP can secure efficiency gains by stimulating the change behaviour of the health professionals. References Downie, J. (2015). Possible options for introducing quality aspects in Activity-Based Funding pricing.BMC health services research,15(2), A2. Eagar, K., Sansoni, J., Loggie, C., Elsworthy, A., McNamee, J., Cook, R., Grootemaat, P. (2013). A literature review on integrating quality and safety into hospital pricing systems. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2017).Supplementary Briefing and Literature Update Integrating safety and quality into hospital pricing systems.safetyandquality.gov.au. Retrieved 12 October 2017, from https://safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Supplementary-Briefing-and-literature-update-on-pricing-for-safety-and-quality3.pdf Sheridan, J. (2016).Activity Based Funding: The implications for Australian health policy(Master's thesis, University of Sydney).

Shaped Ski Revolution Essays - Winter Sports, Ski, Elan SCX

Shaped Ski Revolution Compare & Contrast While comparing and contrasting information from, The Shaped Ski Revolution, by Sonoma County Ski and Snowboard Guide, and an article written by Rich Taylor of Popular Mechanics called Shaped Skis I found information on many aspects of the new shaped ski technology. Information ranged from safety to ski technique. Rich Taylors article is a better source for my final research paper because of its relevancy, accurate depiction, and it is a reliable and accurate resource. This new shaped ski technology requires new knowledge of the sport, claims The Shaped Ski Revolution. Skiers must learn to ski on the new skis, because their old skiing style will not perform the same compared to the new skiing style (Sonoma 1). The article The Shaped Ski Revolution lacked specific information concerning tips, skills and instruction on the new shaped skis. This made the article harder to understand and comprehend. The article Shaped Skis included much more information including: safety statistics, history of the shaped ski. Which made Taylors article broad and was able to supply information of the whole shaped ski revolution. Making Taylors article more useful and beneficial. The new shaped skis have caused a revolution in the sport of downhill skiing. Shaped skis have made intermediate skiers ski like experts (Taylor 1). From young to old, the ski revolution has begun and many are experiencing its effects. Taylors article focused on the history of the skis, claiming that the new skis are able to miraculously make skiing easier. Taylor gave excellent examples of who was using the shaped skis, such as beginners to the experts. The Shaped Ski Revolution left the topic of who was using the shaped skis open ended. They did not give examples of who specifically was using the new shaped skis. This vagueness was something that hindered the article The Shaped Ski Revolution. Taylors article had many topics embedded in it, such as safety benefits, history and benefits for all skiers. Taylors wide array of topics will be more useful and relevant for a source for my final research paper. The Shaped Ski Revolution lacked information of more then a few fields. The information from the guide was somewhat irrelevant for my needs and was too much in detail. The new ski revolution is here and it will continue to stay until the days of old convention skis are gone. Today, every major ski manufacture is making there own line of shaped skis (Taylor 1). This new trend or revolution has been stretched worldwide. For example, people from the Alps to the Rocky Mountains are experiencing the new shaped skis. Major ski manufactures are investing millions of dollars to increase the technology of the new shaped ski. This information of different companies and the outstretch of the new technology will be very useful in my final research paper. The Shaped Ski Revolution lacked specific company information of the shaped skis, which was needed in my final paper. Taylors article makes an impression that anyone can just hop on a new pair of the shaped skis and there will be instant improvement. The article The Shaped Ski Revolution disagrees with this claim. It explained that the new skis required a new type of skiing style. This style is something that must be learned and developed by each skier at each skiing level. With the combination of new skiing technology and developing the skiing style that goes along with the new skis. The Shaped Ski Revolution presented a better view of what the skis can possibly do compared to Taylors article. History is a major part of anything, everything must come from somewhere. I noticed in Taylors article there was a major difference in when the article was written. His article had key references to where and when the new shaped ski revolution began. Whereas the article The Shaped Ski Revolution explains more the usage of the shaped ski. Time makes a major difference in the two articles, Taylors article was intended to make people be aware of the new shaped ski, whereas the article The Shaped Ski Revolution helped explain that the skis are on the market and this is how to use them correctly. For my final

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buy custom American Revolutionary essay The American Revolutionary War which took place between 1775 and 1783 begun as a war between the great kingdom of Britain and the thirteen colonies of British. As the war went on, other European nations played a part. The war ended up being a global war between European great powers. This war resulted from the political revolution that was taking place in America. During the war, the colonists were united by several factors. One of the main factors was trade. For instance, in 1660, Britain imposed a policy of mercantilism on its colonies. The policy stipulated that the merchants, who were mainly based in England, and the government to become partners in order to increase their wealth and political power. This policy excluded other empires and merchants who were based on British colonies. Through trade barrier regulations, the government was able to protect its merchants who were based in London. 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Others were recaptured by Patriots while some became slaves in West Indies (Foner, 155). Common sense and the declaration of independence reflected the ideas of enlightenment that liberty was a natural right. The enlightenment idea helped in opening peoples minds. Peoples turned to new ways of thinking and thus abandoning their previous thinking and the ways of the past. This is because the ideas could question the divine rights of rule. The ideas also, challenged the old way of thinking and enlightened people that they should try and get material wellbeing, happiness and social justice. According to Henry, every individual has his/her own natural rights including property and life liberty (Henry, 98). Thus, by gaining independence the government was expected to protect natural rights of its citizens since it has obligations to the governed. Other natural rights of people include the government having limited power over its people and also be acceptable to all. In 1776, the American colonists were called to declare independence to allow freedom be brought by natural laws . This would bring an end to the ancient tyranny and prejudice. There are various issues that acted as threats to freedom. One of the issues is the growing debt of Virginia planters. Cotton was one of the primary commodities in Virginia. People promoted low tariffs. The greatest weapon used by Britain was its funded national debt. The debts harnessed private savings and thus supporting their military. Many organizations loaned the government during the war time. They included; bank of England, the East Indian Company, and the South Seas Company. On the other hand, the government used tax revenues in setttling the debts. These debts were enemies for liberty. Another issue is the lack of court in Carolina backcountry. Although South Carolina was claiming jurisdiction over the whole area, the colonies courts were located in Charleston. Charleston was a distance of more than 100 miles to the east. Militia officers were supposed to obtain commitions from Charleston and respond accordingly to those who broke the law. They often chased outlaws from their colony. Also, the officers could impose orders to the so called little peoples and the poor settlers. There was immense corruption in Northern Carolina. All these including the control of courts by individuals with strong ties with powerful families were threats to freedom. Also, importation of British manufactured goods acted as a threat to freedom. In 1767, the government passed an act called Townshend Act. This act introduced the concept of taxation on various essential goods including glass, tea and paper. Colonists were angered by the tax increase and organized a boycott of British commodities. They promoted and home manufacturing and patriotism, advising American citizens to live simple life by avoiding luxuries. The colonists gradually intensified their power on many aspects of American peoples life. Importation of cheap British tea also posed a threat to freedom. The Tea Act, which was passed by parliament, sparked a rebellion. The Act sought to save the East India Company, which had a surplus of tea, by shipping this surplus to the colonies. The tea would then be sold at a discounted price. The colonists opposed this Act claiming that it was a strategy strengthen the detested Townshend Duties. This would at long run hurt local merchants and thus it is a threat to freedom. Buy custom American Revolutionary essay

An Outline for Business School Essays

An Outline for Business School Essays In the previous page we discussed the importance of creating a personalized writing schedule for your school essay. Now that you have (hopefully) completed that task, I would like to introduce the next step in the application essay process: producing an outline. Producing a quality outline is crucial in writing a noteworthy composition. In my opinion, the more defined the outline, the better the essay. Regardless of what type of school essay you are planning to write, it always helps to first develop an outline. For the sake of argument, lets say that you are writing a business school essay. Business school essays are no different from any other types of essays in terms of the creative process. Like any composition, you must first create an outline. An outline is simply a condensed treatment of a particular subject. In this case, the subject is business school essays. Therefore, the formula for your business school essay might include a section on the personal events in your life which led you to direct your studies towards a degree in business administration. Whatever the topic, make sure that your outline includes specific instructions on what youd like to include in your composition. Create your school essay as you would a road map. Be precise, be defined, and above all be logical. From business school essays to undergraduate admissions compositions, one thing is for certain: the better the outline the better the paper. I recommend that you take a few days to create your outline. Once you feel confident with your treatment, you can advance to the next step. In the meanwhile, if you have any questions about MBA essays or if you would like to see samples of quality admissions essays, I suggest that you access the adjacent link.

Salama Insurance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Salama Insurance - Research Paper Example The company’s vision is the provision of highest standards Shari’ah-compliant Takaful solutions to customers all around the world. Over the past 33 years, the company’s efforts have enabled it in building a solid reputation for the provision of competitive Takaful solutions of various ranges. The strength and accomplishments of the company are achieved by the competitive strategy of putting more focus on major business areas. According to SALAMA (2012), the insurance paid-up capital is about 330 million USD equivalents to AED1.2 billion. The company is listed in Dubai Financial Market which is abbreviated as IAIC. It is also assigned an excellent performance in its financial strength and issuer credit rating. The Tunis-based operation of the company is the largest in the world, and it operates in about 60 countries. The company deals with issues of individual clients and institutional customers through the global network. Currently, there are about six major Taka ful companies providing their solutions to customers. The six direct Takaful companies are located in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Algeria, Jordan, and Senegal. The company aims at expanding its product portfolio through the size of offers and geographical coverage. This will help to increase the company’s footprint around the region and promote catering for the increased technologies, customers’ needs and legal environment change. Securing the future. UAE is currently at the point of delivering the best of West and East; over the years it has been the hub which was allowing Salama insurance to nurture giving it the ability to access global workforce that is able to operate under international standards. Takaful is dealing with the shift in Muslim attitudes on religious grounds. UAE, therefore, acts as a Shari’ah-compliant platform in offering Takaful solutions. While the country develops both economically and socially, it is essential to keep track of the changes occurring since the Muslims in UAE are stressing on getting Shari’ah-compliant goods and services. These need to enable the company in delivering the best of their best to the Muslims. As UAE’s specialized Takaful company, Salama also deals with offering comprehensive policies in insurance ranging from general, health and family solutions to individuals, companies and families. The company has got its unique position thanks to its credibility, good reputation for quality products, operating under high standards of service provision, and having access to Takaful’s best insurance practices. It is also the best in the provision of both qualitative and affordable solutions. As the company expands its customer base, its aim is to be the number one for Takaful solutions and its customers. The company has also made various promises to its customers, for example, in the provision of personalized services, improved customer commitment, and improvement in Shari’ah- compliant products. Current financial conditions in the insurance industry that affect the availability and affordability of insurance products. According to Raja (2009), the UAE economic development has given many developing countries an excellent choice for overseas expansion, globalization, and foreign direct investment. This region is one of the wealthiest and fastest in development in the world. China, for example, is becoming an economic leader and manufacturer on the world perspective since it is famous for its cheap labor workers. The UAE has also increased wealth

Business Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Decision Making - Assignment Example The market research will contact different members of public – as opposed to consulting target audience. The disadvantage of the model is that it is time consuming (Dillon, Madden and Firtle, 1994). First part: Market Research questionnaire First name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Middle name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Last name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Age.........Sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Occupation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Contact details†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Permanent address†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Email address†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Evaluation of individuals in need of gym services 1. Height†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Weight†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Please describe your lifestyle Sedentary: working from a stationary point all day†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Moderate. I participate in exercise occasionally†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Active. I exercise regularly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. How can you describe your eating patterns or habits? Erratic: I eat whatever I come across†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fairly regular: I skip a number of meals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Regular: I ensure to get all meals and in a timely manner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. Do you eat between main meals? 5. Are your meals low calorie†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..moderate calorie†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..or high calorie†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6. ... Have you used gym and fitness facilities before? 9. Have you taken any gym training sessions? 10. What fitness facilities do you use? 11. What fitness facilities do you own? 12. Where do you access fitness facilities? 13. How long have you participated in fitness services? 14. Use the key below for the questions 15. (Rank yourself as excellent, good, average, poor, very poor) Please rate your physical exercise and fitness participation?................... Please rate your capacity in using Gym facilities?................................... Do you think that gym services are important for every person?................................. (Give reasons) Do you have access to a gym center?.............................. How often do you use the services offered at the gym center?.................................... Which of the two fitness training do you prefer? Gym services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Aerobics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Part three (For those that have used gym services in the past) 16. Did you find joining a gym helpful? 17. Are you satisfied with the gym and fitness facilities received? Where would you expect that the services were different? 18. Have you received any gym and fitness services while at Brent Cross? 19. What was the price for the services? Was the price worth the services given? 20. What was your overall satisfaction and what comments can you draw from that? 21. How did you rate the services received, and what reference points do you use for that? 22. How would you expect the gym services to be offered at Brent Cross? Part four: Description of the general Brent Cross population 1. How would you define the fitness levels of the residents of this area? Generally slim and unhealthy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Explain) Generally fit and

Psychosocial Orientation to Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Psychosocial Orientation to Sexuality Essay Environment has always been one of the major factors affecting our decisions and personality. Psychologists say its either â€Å"nurture† or â€Å"nature† which determines our personalities as we grow up. Nevertheless, our sexuality is also part of who we are. How we act or think in regard to sexual issues is also developed as we mature into adolescents. Various social factors affect a person’s sexuality. Primarily, it is the parents’ responsibility to make sure that their children are properly educated about sex. As a kid, I was oriented by my parents and older relatives that sex is a process designed by the heavens to unite married couples so they can procreate. As a young Christian, I have this notion that I was conceived by this process and only couples who were united by marriage have the permission from God to perform them. Talking about sex at home was actually limited if not restricted. There was a certain uneasiness enveloping the ones belonging in a conversation where a I would suddenly bring it up. It was awkward in a way that my parents believed I was not ready yet to comprehend the real nature of sex. However, I guess sexuality is an inescapable issue amongst children who are beginning to notice changes and differences between their private parts and their playmates’. A friend of the opposite sex definitely has dissimilar body parts than me. It has always been fun to explore and observe friends’ parts especially when it is in a group. Of course, not until we reached the 11th year of our age. Suddenly, things were getting too awkward for us. My playmates were starting to get aloof. Others have stopped invitations to look and some just plainly said, â€Å"My mom said they’re private. † How the privacy of such thing has never occurred to me until I was able to see certain pars of my body grow. Most of my physical parts were getting weirder each day and they did not feel comfortable at all. One of the huge factors which influence my sexuality is the depiction of sex in the television. Media have absolutely bombarded me with concepts that are in direct contrast to my early education of sex. Television series, movies, reality shows, magazines and even anime shows are transparent in portraying sexual activities as normal between two people in a relationship. Sometimes even same-sex relationships. Pornography is also widespread in our society today which I believe has a great impact on the fact that teenagers today in America are sexually active. In my case, it is reasonable to admit that I have my shares of hidden fantasies and desires but one good thing that I am proud of is that I am able to control them in a decent way. Religion also plays a major part in expressing one’s sexuality. It is widely know that Christianity does not allow couples outside marriage to have sexual intercourse. Pre-marital sex is a sin and is not tolerated by the Church. Contraceptives are also not encouraged therefore, if I were to ask how I think religion has affected my sexuality; I would claim that it did not lessen or eliminate my sexual desires rather it remained as a mere reason to control it and repress it. The topic of sexuality is widespread among religious, social and political debates. It comprises of a general idea which is too sensitive to be disregarded easily. However, I believe that one has his/her own rights towards his/her sexuality but are limited to what the law constitutes. A person can be gay, lesbian or bisexual but the mere idea that a person’s sexuality is being developed and identified with different names shows that it is a psychological issue that needs to be studied more thoroughly. It is a subject too complex that must also be given enough education and protection from families and authorities.

Measure for Measure Essay: The Virtuous Vanity of Isabella

The Virtuous Vanity of Isabella in Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's work, Measure for Measure, puts the "problem" in "problem play" as it, examines the difference between law and justice, virtue and goodness. It's a case study of abuse of power that has a particularly contemporary resonance.   Isabella is a very intriguing Shakespearean female. She is one of the few intelligent females who are also innocent and holy. Measure for Measure focuses primarily on her moral dilemma. Does she save her brother and give up her valued chastity or does she save her own soul while allowing her brother to die? By playing on Elizabethan viewpoints concerning women, nuns, and chastity, Shakespeare uses Isabella in developing his plot and theme.   While Isabella is chaste and merciful in all outward appearances, she is unwilling to give up her virginity to Angelo in exchange for Claudio's life, yet she is ready to sacrifice Mariana's chastity for the cause.   Isabella is so virtuous that it becomes a vanity for her.      Sanctimonious, hypocritical, intelligent, beautiful, Isabella, who is a representative of restraint in the text. She actually goes overboard in her desire for strictness, as shown when she asks one of the nuns if she could not have more strict restraint as one of the sisters there. This recalls the theme of indulgence and restraint, but since Isabella is too much drawn to one of the poles, she will have to become more moderate in order to become truly human.    Isabella is immediately established as a rare female character when her brother describes her with the statement, "she has prosperous art/ when she will play with reason and discourse, and well she can persuade"(Shakespeare 1.2.161-163)." Women in ... ...e of the play.    Works Cited and Consulted: Charlton, H. B. Shakespearean Comedy. London: Methuen, 1938. Knight, G. Wilson. The Wheel of Fire: Essays in Interpretation of Shakespeare's Sombre Tragedies. London: Oxford UP, 1930. Leech, Clifford. "The 'Meaning' of Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Survey 3 (1950): 69-71. New American Standard Bible. Reference ed. Chicago: Moody Press, 1975. Pope, Elizabeth Marie. "The Renaissance Background of Measure for Measure." Shakespeare Survey 2 (1949): 66-82. Rossiter, A. P. Angel with Horns and Other Shakespeare Lectures. Ed. Graham Storey. London: Longmans, Green, 1961. Shakespeare, William. William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Alfred Harbage. 1969. Baltimore: Penguin, 1971. Sypher, Wylie. "Shakespeare as Casuist: Measure for Measure." The Sewanee Review 58 (1950): 262-80.

Analysis and Critique on French Education System

In my opinion, the French education system is faulty and undeserving. Meisler portrays for us in animated detail, the torture that French pupils go through in their schooldays. It is also relatively easy for me to understand this scenario because in my country, India, the scene is strikingly similar. It is also the reason that I am here right now–in the United States getting the benefits of the best undergraduate system in the world–to take home with me the accrual of a â€Å"liberal† education. I find the lack of French students in an American institution surprising. Surely French parents will think and re-think before making a choice between their child†s future and the haughtiness of their country†s culture. Do they really want risk their children to go through a system where the chance of getting the baccalaureate degree is only one in three? What is the point of â€Å"attempting† to get an education? The country†s literacy rate reads ninety-nine percent yet Meisler indicates that two-thirds of France is without a reputed degree. These statistics are unheard of in the rest of the world. Students who do manage to get this degree get celebrity treatment and many go on to become Nobel laureates. Nevertheless, what of those who not make it? They live an obscure life, affected by their failure until their dying day. This also happens to be the reason for France†s contemptuous behavior towards tourists. One often comes across a French waiter or low-level bureaucrat or store clerk behaving defensively as they had done with their teachers, desperately trying to evade disapproval. Fear being their motivation rather than the pursuit of success. French education seemingly preaches that France is the world and that there is nothing beyond. Meisler has pointed out a symbolic example when he says that, in English, people usually try to judge the level of comprehension of the person with whom they are conversing. They then try to adapt to the same wavelength so that the conversation carries on with least difficulty. However, to the French, this is an alien concept. If you cannot speak the perfect grammar that they as children have been taught in medieval fashion, you become an outcast. I think the French have to modify their philosophy and look beyond defining â€Å"education† as â€Å"academics†. There is much more to a complete education than precision of mind, command of language and a huge store of memory. They have to realize that Nobel laureates do not mean much until they are representatives of their entire country. Although France may have had several more Nobel laureates than the United States, it has achieved this at a price. The price of disregarding their â€Å"lesser† citizens. The United States on the other hand has gone the Darwinian way–the process of natural selection–and has let the people discover themselves and bring the best out in them. They have not had them molded to become superior beings–which in my vocabulary reads as â€Å"robots†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwhich in turn is defined in the Webster dictionary as â€Å"an efficient insensitive person who functions automatically. † The French education system is in desperate need of a complete overhaul. Otherwise, their nation is going to lose all of the little importance that they have in the world today because of their immodesty and arrogance. France is and will be nothing more than an angry yapping poodle in the midst of uninterested, lazing bulldogs.

Effects of cyber ego on morality Essay

When one is in a virtual environment for long, one soon becomes convinced that the cyber space world is the real world which is the turning point in his life after which everything turns against him. This virtual world that is mistaken to be the real world is a parallel world that one is in. the presence of one in the virtual world that is non – existent leads one to fall in a state is consciousness which is very different from the one in the real world. After this, one starts to think differently, act in a way one has never acted before and a lot of other things that soon do not make sense to him self either, but this is a fact that although one knows there is something wrong, one can not help it. (Johnson 2003) It becomes a part of one’s life and is difficult to get out of it. After being in a parallel universe that is all made up, there is different stimuli that then change and guides our behaviors. It is a journey which a lot of people find interesting. On their journey to no where, when they are entering the virtual world, they take along the best ethics that their religion could teach them, wonderful morals that they learnt from their parents since they were kids and the cultural ethics that they grew in since they were kids; all that is with them when they are entering the virtual world, but it is ironic that when they come out of it for something they are completely different. (Pritchard 2000) One is a completely different individual which some how loses all its values that were taught to him or her during their life span and all the ethics and morals that they learned while they were in school and all that goes deep down the drain. How the virtual world affects our culture, values, morals, ethics and perception of which we are and of what the world is, changes; is what we will be discussing through out this report. (Ess 2006) When one enters a virtual environment, it is a battle of what is real and what one has left behind. This is where one’s cyber ego comes into picture. Cyber ego is primarily what a person thinks of one self in a virtual environment. There is no doubt that there is a lot of artificial intelligence involved in the so called virtual environment that one enters in, but there is a problem of cyber ego that makes many individuals question themselves before entering an environment as such. The moral values are lost. This is not only true but has been experienced by many people who have made a mistake of entering a virtual environment. Talking to different people, people that one is not aware of as ever even existing before they started talking in the cyber world, it changes one’s attitude and the stimuli that one guided the person’s perception and state of emotion; this all mutate and make the individual a different person, for all wrong reasons. (Schultz 2005) There are a lot of things that have an impact on our morals and ethics. For example, the more time one spends on it, the more aggressive one gets. This aggressiveness can be because one can no more differentiate between the real world that one lives in and the virtual world that one is in most of the time of the day. This aggressiveness adds to the change in one’s attitude and hence personality. (Ess 2006) The changes in one’s attitude and personality all depends on how much one might be engrossed in cyber ego. How much one would want oneself to be a part of the virtual environment and adopt cyber ego is the question that will also answer how much a person changes and becomes a truly different person that one was not. It is the difference of decisions that one makes that leads one towards developing a cyber ego being unhealthy to an extent that it would drive the life long morals and ethics out of the person and make one a totally different person. Having this said, it is of utter concern of as to how the changes take place. Some claim that the fact that hours and hours of the week are spent in front of the computer screens being in a world that is non existent. Having a personality that is not the personality the person has in the real world, and faking that personality to be the real one; if so is done for hours, every single day of the week for months or even years, yes there will be a drastic change in what one believes and what one perceives. (George 2003)

PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Essays - Human Behavior

PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Essays - Human Behavior PSYC110 week 5 written assignment D01670103 PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Sensation seeking a personality trait associated with a preference for high levels of sensory stimulation, often achieved by engaging in risk-taking behaviors and adopting non-conventional lifestyles. I somehow feel that Im in a balance for sensation seeking. Sometimes I do feel like to do things that are out of my capability simply just to try out where my limits are. I used to hate smokers but I wanted to try it out myself so I started smoking and now I am a smoker, which I see it as a disadvantage because smoking is bad for health but I do enjoy the process of smoking. Back in my home country, people see others as a bad person when he or she has piercing and tattoo, but my point of view is not necessarily every person with a tattoo or piercing is bad people who commit crimes. I personally think that Im a good person and I do have tattoos and piercing, which does not mean that I am a bad person. Certain people achieve more in their lives than others, often because they are more driven to seek out accomplishments. These differences in the internal desire to achieve things is what the Achievement Motivation Theory attempts to explain. In other words, the theory outlines the internal processes within human beings that can explain why certain people are extremely driven to achieve while others are motivated by other things. When I was studying in Malaysia, the disadvantage of achievement motivation would be not getting to know each other as individuals and lacking the feeling for my classmates and my achievement motivation would be competiveness. Asian education system is very stressful compare to the US. I know that because I am one of the Asians who get good grades studying in the US but failing in most of my subjects in Malaysia and barely even passed my high-school diploma. The advantages for me would be when studying in a less stressful environment I will get better grades, but in my situation the disadvantages would be studying abroad where I have to leave my family and friends for some time. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of these broad dispositions. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. It is good for me to take a look at what was passed down to me from my father and mother as well as my grandparents. These are some of the things that make me who I am as an individual and as a man. When I look at myself as a whole I do understand who I am as well as where I from. For example, my parents thought me to be a good person, when I was a kid they often bring me out to do volunteer work to help out in orphanage and old folks home so I followed their footsteps and form a charity club in Malaysia wor king together with the Lions Club in Malaysia, gathered a large group of youth and spread the spirit around to continue helping those in need. When reading about the Trait Theory most people become dominating out of insecurity, or a fear of being weak. I've often heard children say that they "can't wait until they bare grown up, and then they can tell people what to do." It's a childish trait, so it makes sense that this desire would stem from childhood. Again, when reading

Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives

Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives By Mark Nichol An adjective is a word that provides detail about, or modifies, a noun. Adjectives are sometimes confused with adverbs, which modify verbs. The -verb in adverb gives you a clue, as does the -ject in adjective just like the -ject in object: The names of objects are always nouns. Two divisions of adjectives are coordinate and noncoordinate adjectives. Coordinate adjectives are two or more adjectives, separated by commas, that parallel each other in modifying a noun. To test whether adjectives are coordinate, you can replace comma(s) with and. If the sentence makes sense with that change, and if you can rearrange the adjectives in any order without compromising sense, they pass the test. Take the sentence â€Å"See the box.† Insert an adjective: â€Å"See the big box.† Then, insert another: â€Å"See the big, brown box.† Now, replace the comma with and: â€Å"See the big and brown box.† Make sense? Yes. Now, reverse the adjectives: â€Å"See the brown, big box.† Make sense? Yes, it does, though it doesn’t roll off the tongue as trippingly; conventions have been established in English that determine which types of adjectives have priority than others in such constructions, and â€Å"See the brown, big box† violates one of those conventions. However, it’s just mildly awkward sounding, not nonsensical. Now, replace the comma with and: â€Å"See the brown and big box.† Make sense? Yes. Again, it’s not elegant, but it makes sense. But consider this sentence: â€Å"See the big, bread box.† The comma seems wrong. Why? Test it: â€Å"See the big and bread box.† Un-uh. â€Å"See the bread, big box.† Nope. â€Å"See the bread and big box.† Ix-nay. What gives? In this sentence and its attempted variants, big and bread are noncoordinate adjectives. In the original sentence, the idea is that the box is big and the box is brown the adjectives are parallel in purpose. But in â€Å"See the big, bread box,† big modifies â€Å"bread box,† a permanent open compound (a noun consisting of two or more words that have developed a distinct meaning). The sentence does not state that the box is big and the box is bread; it states that the bread box is big. So, just as â€Å"See the big box† needs no comma between the adjective and the noun, â€Å"See the big bread box† requires no comma between the adjective and the permanent open compound (which consists of an adjective and a noun). The adjective big and the adjective bread have different functions; therefore, they are noncoordinate. But note that compounds do not have to be permanent for this rule to apply. Test this more complex sentence: â€Å"The British Council is the United Kingdom’s government-backed, cultural-promotion agency.† Replace and with a comma: â€Å"The British Council is the United Kingdom’s government-backed and cultural-promotion agency.† Reverse the adjectives: â€Å"The British Council is the United Kingdom’s cultural-promotion, government-backed agency.† Reverse the adjectives and replace and with a comma: â€Å"The British Council is the United Kingdom’s cultural-promotion and government-backed agency.† These sentences are beyond awkward. In this case, â€Å"cultural-promotion agency† is a temporary open compound that is described here as being government backed. When adjectives are noncoordinate, no comma is required, so even though this is a complex sentence, omit internal punctuation (or recast and relax it, as with this option: â€Å"The British council, a cultural-promotion agency, is backed by the government of the United Kingdom.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

US PATRIOT ACT POSITION PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US PATRIOT ACT POSITION - Research Paper Example As such, the USA Patriot Act is the appropriate response to terrorism. Al Qaeda attack on the World Trade Centre on 11th September, 2001, is an acronym for ‘Uniting And Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required To Intercept And Obstruct Terrorism.’ This statute was signed into law by President George Bush on 26 October, 2001. The main thrust of the Act is the streamlining of communication between the miscellaneous intelligence agencies, and the strengthening of the powers of law enforcement agencies in accessing private records, gathering intelligence, regulating financial transactions and controlling immigration. A reauthorization Bill, incorporating several changes, was passed in March, 2006. It is indisputable that the Patriot Act is a necessary and potent tool to combat terrorism, and to plug the existing loopholes that impede investigations. Some provisions of the Act have generated debate in the context of the infringement of privacy and civil liberties. The three controversial provisions of the Patriot Act are Se ction 213 which validates delayed notification search warrants, Section 215 which provides intelligence agencies access to private records, and Section 802 which defines domestic terrorism. Section 213 of the Patriot Act, which has been dubbed the ‘sneak and peek’ provision, authorizes the FBI to search the business or residential premises of a terrorism suspect without giving the target of the investigation any immediate notice of the search. Searches may be conducted by secret court orders, without a criminal subpoena, by submitting that the search is ‘sought for’ in an ongoing investigation. The FBI does not have to establish that it has ‘probable cause’ to infer that the suspect is actively involved in terrorist activity. (ACLU ProCon.org). Critics aver that the standards set by the Act for obtaining broad

Writing to solve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Writing to solve - Essay Example Increased exercise and workout can result in reducing critical health issues such as obesity. Herein, it should be noted that United States is well-known all around the world as an obese nation. A large budget is spend every year for spreading awareness concerning obesity. Access to public parks can allow the government to cut down on the cost that is being accounted because of the increased prevalence of obesity in United States. Furthermore, as per the recent evaluation, it was observed by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine that if people are given access to areas and activities for physical exercise then the rate of obese people can be reduced to a high extent. At the same time, there were other results noted as well. It was observed that people who had access to public parks were able to regain their energy and remained active in their daily routine. Similarly, various researches found out that children who live closer to Public Parks are more inclined towards making physical activity their routine activity that allows them to maintain their weight right from the early age (Garvin, 2011). However, the critical aspect is that despite increased awareness concerning access to public parks and its impact of health, very few communities in United States have access to the parks. As per the statistical underpinning, the issue of lack of public parks is evident in urban areas of United States. Talking in general about New York City, less than 1.5 public parks are available per 1000 citizens. It is due to this condition that people ignore the significance of undertaking daily exercise. Also, low-income citizens are not able to afford expensive memberships of gyms (Maron, 2013). The major issue or barrier that has been noticed in the planning of public parks is the increased parking lots that take up a lot of area in urban areas such as New York City. Therefore, it is suggested that the high towers such as Corrigan

Penn State Child Abuse Scandal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Penn State Child Abuse Scandal - Article Example They were aware of the sexual scandal but they took no action. Joe Paterno and Graham Spanier should have reported the matter according to the judgment. This article provides information on the modes of handling child abuse cases. For instance, the judgment passed on the article is a warning to other members of the public on the dangers of molesting teenagers. From the case, it is notable that whoever participates in abuse directly or indirectly is liable for punishment (Chappell 1). Criminal investigations should enhance justice regardless of the time it takes the jury to conduct an investigation. Cases of abuse are not new in Pennsylvania but the magnitude of the acts is surprising since they are escalating. This means that the jury’s investigation will guide future criminal investigations. The 10 molested teenagers received justice from the courts because of the criminal investigations. Moreover, the victims learned of their civil liberties as minors. The judgment helped in uplifting the moral standards of the people in Pennsylvania. This means that in the future people will avoid engaging in criminal acts, since the sentencing proved that the jury had devised the best approach to handling cases of child molestation. Severe punitive action taken upon the offenders signified that any form of abuse was a crime in the society. A detailed investigation prior to passing a judgment on a case ensured fairness in sentencing offenders of any form of abuse. Generally, child molestation can be prevented in future when authorities provide children with channels for expressing their views. This can be enhanced through implementing laws that discourage child abuse in the society. People should be empowered to report on cases that decay morals in the society (Chappell 1). Importantly, there has to be a collaboration of various parties for justice to be delivered in any criminal case. According to the case, failure to act

Founders Of Infosys Technologies Limited Commerce Essay

Founders Of Infosys Technologies Limited Commerce Essay Narayana Murthy is the Non-Executive Chairman and Chief Mentor of Infosys Technologies Limited. He is a living legend and an epitome of the fact that honesty, transparency, and moral integrity are not at variance with business acumen. He set new standards in corporate governance and morality when he stepped down as the Executive Chairman of Infosys at the age of 60. Born on August 20, 1946, N.R. Narayana Murthy is a B.E. Electrical from University of Mysore (1967) and M.Tech from IIT Kanpur (1969). Narayan Murthy began his career with Patni Computer Systems in Pune. In 1981, Narayana Murthy founded Infosys with six other software professionals. In 1987, Infosys opened its first international office in U.S.A. With the liberalization of Indian economy in 1990s, Infosys grew rapidly. In 1993, the company came up with its IPO. In 1995, Infosys set up development centers across cities in India and in 1996, it set up its first office in Europe in Milton Keynes, UK. In 1999, Infosys became the first Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ. Today (in 2006), Infosys has a turnover of more than $ 2billion and has employee strength of over 50,000. In 2002, Infosys was ranked No. 1 in the Best Employers in India 2002 survey conducted by Hewitt and in the Business Worlds survey of Indias Most Respected Company. Conducted in the same year. Along with the growth of Infosys, Narayana Moorthy too has grown in stature. He has received many honors and awards. In June 2000, Asiaweek magazine featured him in a list of Asias 50 Most Powerful People. In 2001, Narayana Murthy was named by TIME/CNN as one of the 25 most influential global executives. He was the first recipient of the Indo-French Forum Medal (2003) and was voted the World Entrepreneur of the Year 2003 by Ernst and Young. The Economist ranked Narayana Murthy eighth on the list of the 15 most admired global leaders (2005) and Narayan Murthy also topped the Economic Times Corporate Dossier list of Indias most powerful CEOs for two consecutive years 2004 and 2005. StartUp (http://www.citehr.com/118434-amazing-infosys-story-how-infosys-born.html) April 26, 2004 What makes Infosys tick? Extract from Infosys Technologies co-founder and CEO Nandan M Nilekanis interview to CIOL: Actually when Infosys was formed, all of us were working with Patni in Mumbai and Narayan Murthy was our boss there, heading the software group. The group strongly felt that there is a need to create a very professional company, one that was based on very strong ethics and values. We also wanted to create a company that really valued people. That is how we started. The fact of the matter is that there were many such companies that started at the same time during early 80s, however, what made us different was that we stuck it out-we realized that it was not a sprint but a marathon and we were long distance runners. We went through difficult times, but none of us digressed from the common vision. All of us believed that Infosys was bigger than any of us and we were willing to subordinate our egos and our desire to larger boats. I think that determination to create a world-class company, to stick together, willingness to keep Infosys ahead of any individual-perhaps these are the charact eristic not many people and companies had to the extent we had. Thats why we were able to last the marathon for last 23 years. Infosys Technologies is one of the few Indian companies that has changed the way the world looks at India. No longer is India a land of snake charmers and beggars. It is now perceived as an economic giant to reckon with, bursting with brilliant software engineers and ambitious entrepreneurs. And Infosys is an symbol of Indias information technology glory. Infosys has many firsts to its name: The first Indian firm to list on Nasdaq; the first to offer stock options to its employees. . . The company crossed $1 billion in revenues for the first time in 2004. TCS, however, was the first Indian IT firm to top $1-bn in revenues. Infosys is an organisation that inspires awe and respect, globally. On July 2, Infosys completed 25 years in existence. This is its amazing success story, illustrated by rare photographs. The idea of Infosys was born on a morning in January 1981. That fateful day, N R Narayana Murthy and six software engineers sat in his apartment debating how they could create a company to write software codes. Six months later, Infosys was registered as a private limited company on July 2, 1981. Infosys co-founder N S Raghavans house in Matunga, northcentral Mumbai, was its registered office. It was then known as Infosys Consultants Pvt Ltd. What was the companys starting capital? US $250. Murthy borrowed $250 from his wife Sudha to start the company. The front room of Murthys home was Infosys first office, although the registered office was Raghavans home. Who were Murthys six friends who joined hands to launch Infosys? Nandan Nilekani, N S Raghavan, S Gopalakrishnan, S D Shibulal, K Dinesh and Ashok Arora. Are all of them still the founding directors? Murthy is currently chief mentor and chairman while Nilekani is the chief executive officer and managing director. Gopalakrishnan, Shibulal and Dinesh are directors. Raghavan retired as joint managing director in 2000. He is currently the chairman of the advisory council of the N S Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. Ashok Arora worked for the company till 1988 and left after selling his shares in the then unlisted company back to the other promoters. He moved to the United States where he now works as a consultant. Murthy was always broke Murthy was always broke. He always owed me money. We used to go for dinner and he would say, I dont have money with me, you pay my share, will return it to you later. For three years, I maintained a book of Murthys debts to me. No, he never returned the money and I finally tore it up after our wedding. The amount was a little over Rs 4,000. An excerpt from Sudha Murthys reminiscences. She is the wife of Infosys founder N R Narayana Murthy. Those days, Murthy wanted to do something with his life, but he had no money. Murthy was married to Sudha on February 10, 1978, while he was working with Patni Computers. In 1981, it was Murthys idea to start Infosys. Murthy had a dream, and no money. So Sudha gave him Rs 10,000, which she had saved without his knowledge. Murthy and his six colleagues started Infosys in 1981. No, it was not in Bangalore, but in Pune that Infosys set up its first office, in 1981. The house that Murthy and Sudha bought with a loan became the first Infosys office. As Murthy ran Infosys, Sudha took up a job as a systems analyst with the Walchand Group of Industries to support their household. In 1983, Infosys moved to Bangalore when it got its first client, Data Basics Corporation from the United States. The first mini computer arrived at Infosys in 1983. It was a Data General 32-bit MV8000. The very next year Infosys switched from mini to main frames with a CAMP application for a Data Basics customer A huge struggle, day in and day out When they began moving ahead with Infosys, the founders Murthy, Nilekani, Shibulal and the others took a firm decision that their wives would not be involved in the running of the company. So after Murthy, it was Nilekani and his wife Rohini who moved to Bangalore. But they had no house to stay. So the Nilekanis stayed with the Murthys at their Jayanagar home in Bangalore. Rohini took care of Murthys son as Sudha helped write software programmes for Infosys. There was no luxury, only struggle, day and night. They had no car, no phone. Murthy later recalled that it was not the luxuries of life, but the passion to create something new and innovative that made them keep going on and on and on. Despite the struggles, the Murthys, the Nilekanis and the other partners took time out for picnics in Bangalore The crisis, and how Infosys began to grow The first years of Infosys were not smooth. Most of the founders Murthy, Nilekani, Dinesh, Shibulal and Gopalkrishnan were into writing codes. And they wanted to make an impact in the American market. So Infosys got its first joint venture partners in Kurt Salmon Associates. Gopalakrishnan, who had spent time working in the United States, was the public face of the KSA-Infosys venture in America. But the joint venture collapsed in 1989, leaving Infosys in the lurch. Gopalakrishnan relives the memories of those days. We had nothing after eight years of trying to bring up a company. Those who studied with us had cars and houses, he says. The collapse of the KSA joint venture led Infosys to its first crisis. The company was on the verge of collapse. One of the founder-partners Ashok Arora was dejected with the way the company was going, and decided to quit. The others did not know what to do. But Murthy had the courage of conviction. If you all want to leave, you can. But I am going to stick (with it) and make it, Murthy told them. The other partners Nilekani, Gopalakrishnan, Shibulal, Dinesh and Raghavan decided to stay. And thus began to germinate the seeds of Infosys enormous growth. The Nasdaq listing It is said that Infosys began getting big breakthroughs from the US market. How? The initial foray of Infosys into the US market was through a company called Data Basics Corp as a body-shop or on-site developer of software for US customers. Later, Infosys formed a joint venture with Kurt Salmon Associates to handle marketing in the United States. Even today, Infosys derives about two-thirds of its revenue from the United States, serving corporate clients like Reebok, Visa, Boeing, Cisco Systems, Nordstrom and New York Life. Infosys is the largest publicly traded IT services exporter in India, providing services to 315 large corporations, such as GE and Nortel, predominantly in the USA. It was the first Indian company to list on the Nasdaq stock exchange in 1999. And the other Infosys group companies? Progeon Ltd: The Infosys BPO arm. Infosys Technologies (Shanghai) Company Limited: The companys base in China. Infosys Australia Pty Ltd: Infosys Australian venture. Infosys Consulting Inc: The companys foray into the consulting business. 25 years sheer determination, and growth In the last 25 years, Infosys has been growing and growing. Today, Infosys is Indias second largest software exporter. It now enjoys a strong liquidity position with over Rs 6,000 crore (Rs 60 billion) in assets, including surplus cash. During 2005-2006, the Infosys internal cash accruals more adequately covered working capital requirements, capital expenditure and dividend payments leaving a surplus of Rs 1,612 crore (Rs 16.12 billion). As on March 2006, the company had liquid assets including investments in liquid mutual funds of Rs 4,463 crore (Rs 44.63 billion). This collectively makes the liquidity strength of Infosys at Rs 6,078 crore (Rs 60.78 billion). Where are these funds parked? These funds have been deposited with banks, highly rated financial institutions and in liquid mutual funds. Infosys last year derived an average yield of 4.48 per cent (tax free) from these investments. The company received Rs 647 crore (Rs 6.47 billion) on exercise of stock options by employees and cash equivalents including liquid mutual funds increased by Rs 1,612 crore during 2005-06. Key milestones Year of Incorporation : 1981 Became a public limited company in India : 1992 ISO 9001/TickIT Certification : 1993 Attained SEI-CMM Level 4 : 1997 Listed on NASDAQ : 1999 Crossed $100 million in annual revenues : 1999 Attained SEI-CMM Level 5 : 1999 Crossed $400 million in revenues : 2001 Crossed $ half a billion in revenues : 2002 Crossed $ billion in revenues : 2004 Crossed $ 2 billion in revenues : 2006 Another Note on infosys INFOSYS CASE STUDY ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Narayana Murthy and Infosys The case study ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Narayana Murthy and Infosys describes how Narayana Murthy, set up Indias leading software company Infosys. Narayana Murthy turned a small software development venture that he had set up with his friends in 1981, into one of the leading companies of the country. Infosys grew rapidly throughout the 1990s Narayana Murthy distributed the companys profits among the employees through a stock-option program, and adopted the best corporate governance practices. All this earned him praise and respect. In 1999, the company became the first Indian firm to be listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. In 2000, Infosys was poised to become a true global company.By 2000, Infosys market capitalization reached Rs.11 billion and by 2001, Infosys was one of the biggest exporters of software from India. Narayana Murthy had built an organization that was respected across the country, with very strong systems, high ethical values and a nurturing working atmosphere.In February 2001 , Infosys Technologies Ltd. (Infosys) was voted as the Best Managed Company in Asia in the Information Technology sector, in leading financial magazine Euromoneys Fifth Annual Survey of Best Managed Companies in Asia. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS With his sound management skills, Narayana Murthy seemed to have taken Infosys to the pinnacle of success with the following key success factors : 1. Leadership team : The leadership team needs to balance vision with practical experience. In most cases, a technology start-up will have a visionary and/or a technical genius (most often, these are the founders) in place from day one. However, all to often, the leadership team is not rounded out by people who actually know how to run a business and how to drive sales. Building a strong balanced team can be one of the trickier aspects of creating a successful start-up because it necessarily requires the visionary and the technical genius (founders) to admit their practical shortcomings and give up some of the control of the business. The idea behind a start-up is often somebodys baby and, quite naturally, they want to control every aspect of its development. Once you move these people away from micromanaging the business, the start-up begins to have a chance. 2. Well-conceived business plan : This is an area where the practical experience of a well-rounded leadership team gives the start-up a leg up. The business plan needs to be practical and detailed. The business plan provides the blueprint for the growth of the company. Perhaps more importantly, the business plan is how you demonstrate the viability of the business to third party investors. 3. A strong product : It is a given that the product needs to be special ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ something that will differentiate itself from the universe of competing products but there are other important factors. Ideally, the product will be one that can be protected by patent. If the products cannot be protected by a patent, then the start-up has to be positioned to capitalize on being the first to market. Absent patent protection, being the first to market and capturing as much market share as you can before the copy-cats arrive is the next best thing. The product needs to have a ready market meaning that there is a market for it and that either there is no real competition or that the product allows the company to differentiate itself from the competition. 4. Scalability : The scalability of the business may not be critical to the success of every business, but it is critical to drive a start-up to a large scale business. In other words, if the goal is to become a large, valuable company, scalability is key. However, if the goal is a little less lofty, then scalability is a little less important. 5. Adequate capital :. Without adequate capital, the business will struggle. Perhaps the business will have phenomenal sales, but be unable to deliver the product. Or, the business may build the product, but lack the cash to adequately market it. Or the business will be unable to attract the leadership team it needs and the team it has is diluted to ineffectiveness. Or, the business is unable to capitalize on its first-to-market status. While it is true that the management team for a start-up has to be versatile and willing to wear different hats, a capital-starved start-up can force the dilution of the management team to the point of everything being done poorly. Quite obviously, in many cases, the luxury of having adequate capital does not exist from day one. Finding the capital in a timely way can be very difficult. The more that can be done to address the other four points, the easier it will be to find capital. Launch of Infosys Narayana Murthy obtained his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Mysore in 1967 and his Masters degree in Technology from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1969. He started his career as head of the computer centre at IIM, Ahmedabad.In 1972, he went to Paris where he was part of the team that designed a 400-terminal, real-time operating system for handling air cargo for Charles De Gaulle airport. Narayana Murthy was a left-wing activist and mingled with French communists during his stay in Paris but his outlook changed while traveling around Europe. He believed that the only way to pull India out of poverty was to create more jobs, by setting up new companies.In 1975, he returned to India and joined Systems Research Institute, Pune,(Maharashtra). He then headed Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, (Maharashtra) before founding Infosys in 1981, along with six other professionals. The Strategist From the beginning, Narayana Murthy focused on the worlds most challenging market the US. He had two reasons for this. First, there was no market for software in India at the time. He believed that Indian software companies should export products in which they had a competitive advantage.In 1987, Infosys entered into a joint venture with Kurt Salmon Associates (KSA), a leading global management consultancy firm. KSA-Infosys was the first Indo-American joint venture in the US. People Management Analysts felt that one factor which helped Infosys to grow at a faster pace than others was the low employee turnover.The turnover rate at Infosys was around 11% as opposed to industry average for software companies of over 25% during the 1990s.Infosys retention capability was a function both of its rigorous selection procedures as well as proactive HRD practices. About 80% of the middle and senior level executives were promoted from within the organization Corporate Governance and Infosys Analysts felt that Infosys became one of the most respected companies in India, through its corporate governance practices, which were better than those of many other companies in India. Narayana Murthys move to adhere to the best global practices was driven by his vision to become a global player. Infosys adopted the stringent US Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) many years before other companies in India did Leaders in the Making Narayana Murthy set up a Leadership Institute in Mysore, India, to manage the future growth of Infosys. The institute aimed at preparing Infosys employees to face the complexities of a rapidly changing marketplace and to bring about a change in work culture by instilling leadership qualities. I would like to end with a comment from Sri Narayana Murthy: He said, ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½It is our vision at Infosys, to create world-class leaders who will be at the forefront of business and technology in todays competitive marketplace This has been at the forefront of their corporate culture !!! 2. Company Profile Infosys Technologies Ltd. provides consulting and IT services to clients worldwide. Founded in 1981, the corporate headquarters are based in Bangalore, India. However, Infosys offices span the globe. Since incorporation, annual revenue has rapidly increased and it reached $500 billion in 2002. Unlike many other Indian IT companies, Infosys has concentrated on building applications and this has contributed to its global success. Infosys Technologies employs nearly 17,000 people worldwide, almost 10,000 of whom are software professionals. 116 new clients in the financial year (FY) 2002 added to the already prestigious list that includes Airbus, Cisco, Nordstrom and Boeing. Retail banking services account for around 4% of total revenue. The company vision is to be the best globally, commercially and ethically. As such, Infosys has developed a C-Life principle of core values that it aims to honour in all aspects of its business conduct.

The Use of Magic in Medieval Literature Essay -- Literature Essays Lit

The Use of Magic in Medieval Literature The concept of magic and magical creatures has been around for a long time, however, in the time period ranging from Beowulf to Malory's Arthur, there has been an evolution in attitudes and the consequent treatment of magic in medieval literature. The discussion of magic involves not only the disparity between Christian and pagan tradition but also of gender roles, most notably in the Arthurian mythos. Beowulf, Marie De France's Bisclavret and Lanval, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Sit Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur involve the concept of magic and magical creatures and consequently, illustrate the treatment of magic of their time. In Beowulf, the idea of magic is one that is feared and unworldly. It is definitely not an aspect of normal, "courtly" life. Grendel and his mother are both magical beings, and it is quite obvious that they are clearly not the protagonists of the story. Magic was a symbol of power, whether of class or of strength, and Grendel and his mother fit into the latter category. Grendel also poses a challenge to the power of the ruling class. His only target is Hrothgar's great hall - "It was easy then to meet with a man shifting himself to a safer distance to bed in the bothies, for who could be blind to the evidence of his eyes, the obviousness of the hall-watcher's hate?" - apparently, the rest of the land is quite safe from "demons" such as Grendel(Beowulf 35). Grendel's immunity against weapons and armour emphasizes the challenge further. In pitting Beowulf against Grendel, the poem also suggests that the only way to destroy magic is with itself. It can be assumed that Beowulf possesses some sort of supernatural strength, although he not blatantly... ...e of medieval society and its writings. In addition, an examination of magic in medieval times covers not only the treatment of religion, but also of gender issues and courtly ideals. Despite this, however, it cannot be denied that magic in medieval literature contributes to its unique and distinctive nature. Works Cited "Beowulf" The Norton Anthology of English Literature. ed. M.H Abrams. New York: W.W Norton, 2000. De France, Marie. "Lanval" The Norton Anthology of English Literature. ed. M.H Abrams. New York: W.W Norton, 2000. De France, Marie. "Bisclavret" . Hwang, Renny. "Merlin" McNary, Sarah F. "Beowulf and Arthur as English Ideals". Poet-Lore: A Quarterly of World Literature 6.2 (1894), 528-36. Rise, Brian Edward. "Morgan Le Fay" Pantheon.org. . Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Trans. Marie Boroff. New York : W.W. Norton, 2001.

From Foster Care to Prison Essay

Young adults who leave the child-welfare system at age eighteen face steeper challenges in becoming independent adults than those who stay in foster care. National studies have found that young people who â€Å"age out† of the child-welfare system at eighteen are three times more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from mental illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they can’t take care of, or end up in prison (Borja, 2005). The literature demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging out of foster care and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing foster care children in the country. Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the cycle of destruction can be broken, as little research has been conducted on foster care youths beyond the age of 18. As a result of this, an exploratory study will be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states extend foster-care services to youths until age 21. Literature Review Bruce Willis once said â€Å"too many children in foster care are falling through the cracks†¦Be a hero – take the time to learn about adoption today† (Thinkexist. com, 2006). Foster care is meant to be a temporary living situation for children who are awaiting the opportunity to be reunited with their parents or another suitable guardian. In some cases, children are placed in long-term care placements. For older adolescents, a foster care program can be designed to provide education and resources to prepare the adolescent for the transition into independence (Wikipedia, 2006). Look more:  problem centered coping essay As of September 30, 2003, there were an estimated 523,000 children on record in foster care. Of these, 46 percent lived in non-relative homes, 23% lived in relative homes, 19% lived in group homes or institutions, 5% were in pre-adoptive homes and 7% lived in other placement types (Wikipedia, 2006). When a child enters the foster care system, the role of the parent is no longer held by a single individual or even the household. Rather, multiple parties are involved. More often than not, the state assumes custody of the child. A court appointed attorney or child protection services agency is given the responsibility of the decision making. The foster care provider is assigned the duty of the physical custody. Judges other court officials may also have a say in the care and welfare of the child. The child’s biological parents or guardians may also remain involved through visitations and can also be informed of their child’s well-being and care plan (Molin and Palmer, 2005). There are two types of foster care: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary foster care occurs when situations arise where the parent or guardian is temporarily unable to care for a child and seeks help. Involuntary foster care often occurs when the child is taken from the parent or guardian in order to ensure safety. The end result of the large number of decision makers in the foster care system has been shown to have further detrimental effects on the well-being of the children. The cost to maintain a system with so many players raises financial concerns, and often puts the immediate needs of the child on the back burner. Additionally, foster care children may not necessarily receive the type of care they need and may be â€Å"particularly vulnerable to not receiving care for their mental health needs because they often lack a person in their life who feels responsible and accountable for their well-being† (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Because of the lack of individual attention on focus on the child’s well-being, children in foster care are continuously ending up homeless, in prison or in mental institutions as yearly as adolescents. Many children in foster care exhibit mental health problems. These can range from difficulty achieving sustainable relationships, coping problems, emotional and behavioral disturbances, attention disorders, depression, autism and bipolar disorder, thus causing these children to be defined as a vulnerable population in serious need of consideration and protection. The most common problem exhibited by the children in foster care are called â€Å"externalizing disorders† (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Externalizing disorders frequently occur when children have been abused physically and, as a result of the abuse, demonstrate outward aggression towards others as well as towards themselves. There are statistics to support the case that there are factors in the foster care system that contribute to the impeding mental health of the children in care. It is most important to note that few of the children in the system are screened for mental health problems. One study showed that over 94% of the welfare agencies sampled assessed the children for physical health problems, but only 47. 8% checked for mental health problems (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). It is important to mention that being removed from their homes and placed in a foster care setting is a difficult and stressful experience for a child. â€Å"Many of these children have suffered some form of serious abuse or neglect. About 30% of children in foster care have severe emotional, behavioral or developmental problems† (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005). While most foster children show signs of remarkable resiliency, many also suffer from physical health problems as well as physiological and emotional problems. These children frequently blame themselves and feel guilty about being removed from their birth parents and wish to return to their parents even if they had been abused by them (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005). In evaluating the effect of foster care children who are aging out of the system and entering the real world, it is important to note that many of the children in the system have grown up with their parents in prison. Consider for example, Former Parole Officer Marilyn Cambrell. Cambrell plays surrogate mom to children whose parents are in prison at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston. About half of the students attending the high school have all had to face the reality that they are among the 2 million U. S. children with a parent behind bars. Many of these students are now in foster care, leaving them with feelings that they are unloved and unsafe in the world. Cambrell has begun to institute classes at the school, which have given more than 300 students a chance to vent their frustrations, share coping skills and, most importantly, feel they aren’t alone (Aguayo and Sewing, 2003). Many states have begun to implement strategies to break the cycle of vulnerability among students that age out of the foster care system and have begun to impose systems of self-care in the foster care system. In Iowa, a new law has been implemented that mandates the extension of financial support to youth in foster care to 21 years of age. In essence, the new law serves â€Å"as a model for other states to enact the same law and improve the services for youth who are making the transition from foster care to adulthood† (Policy and Practice, 2006). In order to qualify for the extended care and support, the youth are mandated to participate in an education and training program or work full time. To be able to qualify in the law, the youth must participate in an education or training program or work full time. This program falls under the standard of self-care that Orem describes as essential to the success of individuals seeking out optimal health, as the adolescents and young adults are taught means to provide for themselves and are given the resources needed to develop independence. Legislatures and other advocates have begun to get involved in the fight on then national level to protect the vulnerability of foster care children aging out of the system. Similar to the program in Iowa, The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 was passed to help provide children who are aging out of the foster care system the life skills necessary to provide for themselves. The act provides further access to health care professionals, as the act â€Å"extends Medicaid coverage past age 18, and requires states to prepare foster kids for employment or for further education before they are emancipated† (DeLay, 2000). Another step that can be taken to ensure the well being of children in foster care is to focus on the need for assessment. Foster parents can be taught by health care professionals such as nurses to look for signs of mental problems. The California Institute for Mental Health has developed screening tools that consist of â€Å"a series of questions regarding indicators of potential emotional and/or behavioral disturbances in preschool (0 to 5 years) and school-age (6 to 18 years) children†. The screenings are designed to assist in the observations of the children, and to alert the parents and others in the foster care system of a need for more extensive evaluations (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). People magazine recently published an article on a couple, Julie and Mike Deitch, who made the decision to take on foster children. They became licensed as foster parents after seven months of classes. In 2004, they took in three siblings whose parents were hooked on meth. They have since adopted the children and took on two more children, whose parents were schizophrenic (Jerome and Marquez, 2006). There are several issues that come of out the Deitch’s story that can be used as prime examples of the success of the modern foster care system. First and foremost, the parents received the training they needed to care for the children themselves. Secondly, the children were placed with foster parents who intend to adopt. And, while the Deitch’s had much to overcome in dealing with children whose parents had mental health problems, they put the needs of the child first and stuck with providing a high quality standard of care regardless of the obstacles at hand. It is evident that the child welfare system needs to undergo some redevelopment to best address the needs of the mental health condition of foster children. Emphasis should be on the day to day, starting in the home. Foster parents need to be trained to care for the children by health professionals. Older children need quality attention so that they can one day care for themselves as adult. Any and all mental health problems need to be detected at an early stage and care for. Advocates need to continue to take notice of the needs of the vulnerability of the foster care children and create legislation and develop programs that serve their best interest. If these things occur, perhaps the cycle of vulnerability of children in foster care can be overcome. Young adults who have aged out of the foster care system have left the system only to be faced with significant health, social and educational deficits including homelessness, involvement in juvenile crime and prostitution, mental and physical health problems, poor educational and employment outcomes, inadequate social support systems and early parenthood. These poor outcomes reflect a number of factors including ongoing emotional trauma resulting from experiences of abuse and neglect prior to care, inadequate support while in care, accelerated transitions to adulthood and lack of guaranteed ongoing financial and other assistance to help facilitate this transition. Young people leaving care do not currently receive the ongoing support that a good parent would be expected to provide for their children (Mendes, 2006). Children in the foster care system have been found to be associated with the probability of becoming a rapist or other type of sexual crime predator. As a result of this, the literature demonstrates that the prevention of rape may usefully be associated with enhancing the life chances of fathers and sons by greater support for those offenders who have spent time in foster care. Additionally, the fact that the risk factors for future violence are similar to those for rape endorses the point that rape is essentially a violence offence rather than a sex offence. It further demonstrates that prevention programs for rape will have associated benefits (Christofferson, Soothill and Francis, 2005). Many children who have been identified as having deviant or behavior problems spend time in therapeutic foster care programs. In these programs, the youth are placed in the care of foster parents who have been trained to provide a structured environment that supports their learning social and emotional skills. An assessment was conducted on the effectiveness of such programs in preventing violent behavior among participating youth. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding these programs, finding that reported and observed violence, including violent crime among the children in therapeutic programs declined (Hahn, et. Al, 2004). Due to the issues that they faced throughout adolescence, young adults who leave the child-welfare system at age 18 face steeper challenges in becoming independent adults than those who stay in foster care. National studies have found that young people who â€Å"age out† of the child-welfare system at 18 are three times more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from mental illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they can’t take care of, or end up in prison (Borja, 2005). The literature demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging out of foster care and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing foster care children in the country. Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the cycle of destruction can be broken, as little research has been conducted on foster care youths beyond the age of 18. As a result of this, an exploratory study will be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states to extend foster-care services to youths until age 21. The parameters that will be defined include the education levels, current living conditions, socioeconomic status and employment statuses held by the young adults aging out of the foster care system. The survey will then serve as a tool in support of the literature in order to shed light onto the missing link between children leaving the foster care system and attaining financial independence and success in mainstream society. Methods The county of Sacramento extends from the low delta lands between the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers north to about ten miles beyond the State Capitol and east to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (County of Sacramento, 2006). The southernmost portion of Sacramento County has direct access to the San Francisco Bay. Respondents for this research will be selected from aged out foster care children in the county of Sacramento. In order to identify the sample population, social workers and foster care agencies within Sacramento County, including the County Department of Health Assistance as well as the Criminal Justice Department will be contacted. The representatives of the agencies will receive information detailing the importance of conducting the survey, and will be asked to provide or pass on the survey questions to interested participants between the ages of 18-21. The local prison will also be contacted in order to identify target samples who have come through the foster care system and who are now in prison. The representatives will be asked to avoid bias, and to balance those selected among males and females. In order to calculate accurate percentages and accurately represent the number of young adults aging out of the foster care system, the ideal sample size will consist of fifty male and fifty females. For confidentiality purposes, those sampled cannot be randomly selected, as all names and information of those individuals participating need to be passed on through a social work related agency. Due to this, the results may be slightly skewed. However, the skewing of the results will most likely balance themselves. That is, it is expected that an individual receiving technical training coming out of the foster care system (an example of a success story) will most likely be balanced out by an individual in prison coming out of the foster care system. That being said, it is essential that there be some control in selecting the sample, as having 100 responders all in prison will sway the results. Due to this, the survey will be distributed to a variety of agencies, so as to best manage the results. In conducting the survey, questions will be posed to address the respondent’s attainment in areas of education, employment, friendship and family. The questions will be posed utilizing a Likert-type scale to determine response categories. Questions involving demographics, ethnicity and gender will be essential in providing useful information as to other factors (outside of being in foster care) that separate individuals in the population. For example, a question in the survey should identify the demographic location held by the foster child during the time in care, as well as well as identify any potential moves or changes in location. In doing this, it will be possible to identify if demographic changes are an independent variable or dependent variable in effecting the results of the survey. If it is an independent variable, then it needs to be accounted for in the survey results. Similar questions will be posed in regards to ethnicity and gender, in order to determine their impacts on the results of the survey. The surveys will be distributed to contacted welfare agencies in the Sacramento area to then be passed on to target samples. If needed, and if approved by the agencies, the method will include taking time to travel to the place of residence of the selected population to ensure that the surveys are accurately filled out and returned. The responses will then be entered into SPSS. An analysis of the surveys will be conducted looking for significant differences, relationships and correlations. In doing this, key-word searchers will be conducted. At the same time, the responses will be grouped based on socioeconomic class, education, gender, living conditions and employment status and then cross referenced to identify key correlations in the data. The purpose of the survey will be to clearly define target triggers that caused the foster care children to end up in prison. A comparative analysis of results will be conducted in order to drawn lines of association between family values, views on friendship as well as socioeconomic status. At the same time, the answers to the survey will be used to compare and contrast methods and exposures faced by those young adults who did not go to prison after leaving the foster care system versus those who did. In conducting the survey and evaluating the results, levels of success within the foster care system will be revealed. For example, if it is found that many of the young adults were mainstreamed into a job-training program and still entered prison, the survey will be used to reveal triggering factors that caused the downfall. Due to the sensitive nature of the survey as well as the sensitive nature of the questions posed to the target population, the survey will need to be submitted to a human subjects committee for review. Overall, the survey test the hypothesis in an attempt to assess the needs of legislators to pass policy to extend foster care benefits to the age of 21. population’s overall attitude towards the future. That is, it will provide insight as to whether oror not the population has successfully overcome the cycle of destruction (coming out of the system and ending up in prison as a result of no where else to go), or if it appears that the individual needs further training to in order to be financially independent and lead a stable lifestyle. Anticipated Findings It is expected that the survey will reveal a clear cycle of destruction occurring from the transition out of foster care. The survey is anticipated to support the literature that there is a missing link between children leaving the system at the age of 18 and finding success in the mainstream society. Due to this, the survey will provide a tool to better define what the missing link is, and provide insight as to what can be done to break the cycle of destruction. This is good, you should include similar language at the end of your literature review when you are discussing the intent of your research. Finally, make sure to attach your survey as an appendix item to your proposal References Aguayo, Anna and Sewing, Joy. A Former Parole Officer Plays Surrogate Mom to Kids with Parents in Jail. People, 60(11), p. 129-130. American Academy of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry (2005, May). Foster Care. Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://aacap. org/page. ww? name=Foster+Care§ion=Facts+for+Families Ashby, Cornelia (2006). Child Welfare: Improving Social Service Program Training and Technical Assistance Information Would Help Address Long-Standing Service-Level and Workforce Challenges. GAO Reports, p. 56. Borja, Rhea (2005). Teens Released from Foster Care Too Early, Report Says. Education Week, 24(38), p. 6-6. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2005). Foster Care: Numbers and Trends. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/factsheets/foster. cfm County of Sacramento (2006). About Sacramento County. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. saccounty. net/portal/about/areafacts. html CMS Network (2006). Medical Foster Care Program. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. cms-kids. com/CMSNMedicalFosterCare. htm Delay, Tom (2000). Fighting for Children. American Journal of Psychiatry, p. 120-124. Jerome, Richard and Marquez, Sandra (2006). They opened their hearts and home to babies born of meth-addicted moms. People, 66(15), p. 83-84 Kerker, B. , & Morrison, M. (2006, January). Mental Health Needs and Treatment of Foster Youth: Barriers and Opportunities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 138-147. Molin, R. (2005, January). Consent and Participation: Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Children in Out-of-Home Care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 1. Policy and Practice (2006). New Iowa Law for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care Seen as Model for Other States. Policy and Practice of Public Human Services, 64(3), p. 28. San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2005, October 14). Governor signs foster-care bills. San Francisco Chronicle, 10. 2005, . Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? file=/chronicle/archive/2005/10/14/EDGKVF7QQ01. DTL San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2006, November 2). Foster Care’s Future. San Francisco Chronicle, 11. 2006, . Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article ThinkExist. com (2006). Foster Care Quotes. Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://en. thinkexist. com/quotes/with/keyword/foster/ Wikipedia (2006). Foster Care. Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Foster_care